• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:NL2005783A
    申请号:NL2005783
    申请日:2010-11-30
    公开日:2011-06-15
    发明作者:Christian Hellberg；Sebastian Boor；Rene Schneider；Botho Saalbach
    申请人:Kbb Underground Technologies Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Title: Method and device for emptying brine from gas storage caverns
    Description
    The invention relates to a method for discharging brine from gas storage caverns, in particular caverns with a large distance between the tube shoe of the last cemented tube column and the cavern bottom, wherein an additional injection line is installed in the slurry discharge line built into the cavern. via which at the same time a gas and water are added to the rising brine stream.
    According to the current state of the art, in the cavern which is prepared for brine and completed for gas storage, a slurry discharge line is built in for filling with gas or discharging brine. By storing mainly natural gas as storage gas, the brine that is present in the cavern after the brewing process is transported from the cavern.
    This method is used, for example, in Grote, H-W .; Schmidt, Th .: Gasersthefüllung einer Gasspeicherkaverne, GWF Gas Erdgas, 130 (1989), No. 5 described.
    During brine removal, warm, saturated NaCl brine is transported from the carved soil, which during the flow to the earth's surface and in the area of the cavern head subsequently leads to the crystallization of salt by cooling, so that the flow cross-section is reduced or completely blocked. can become.
    This effect is particularly pronounced at deep carvernes with geologically determined associated high temperatures.
    In order to prevent these crystallizations from being resolved, the water leaving the brine at the cavern head is supplied with water and the brine removal line contained in the cavern is regularly and regularly flushed with water during countercirculation.
    During these rinsing phases for cleaning up crystallizations in the brine removal line, no brine is transported, so that a loss of time occurs during gas filling of the caverns.
    In addition to these efforts and delays due to salt crystallization, for caverns with a large distance between the tube shoe of the last cemented tube column and the cavern bottom, limitations can occur due to the maximum allowable gas storage pressure.
    Especially in the final phase of the gas filling of a cavern, a very high gas pressure is required to remove the hydrostatic brine column at a density of the saturated brine, in particular NaCl brine of about 1.2 g / cm 3, including the hydraulic friction losses raise and transport the cavern soil to the surface of the earth.
    The maximum allowable gas pressure for brine removal is mainly determined by the depth of the tube shoe of the last cemented tube column. For safety reasons, the gas pressure on this tube shoe may not exceed a certain maximum value, which limits the gas pressure that is permitted for draining brine. Due to an increasing distance between the tube shoe of the last cemented tube column and the cavern bottom, this limitation can lead to the lower cavern area being cleaned only with a very low conveying speed or not at all from brine.
    The distance between the cemented tube shoe and the cavern floor is predominantly geologically determined and determined by the importance of realizing the largest possible cavern volume.
    In the recent past, however, the problem of completely draining brine from gas storage caverns with a large distance between the cemented tube shoe and cavern bottom has been solved by applying the gas lift process. Hereby, a gas stream is supplied to the brine stream through an injection line, which is additionally installed in the brine discharge line up to the cavity depth. Due to the gas content in the brine, the density of the 2-phase mixture is reduced to clearly below 1.2 g / cm3. This method is for example used in Buschbom, K .; Clevan, M .: Dewatering a Salt Cavern Using a Submersible Pump, SMRIPaper Spring Meeting 2008, Porto, Portugal, and also described in DE 601 04 412.
    Nevertheless, and independently of this, when applying the gas-lifting process, the brine discharge line must be regularly backwashed with water to dissolve the crystallized salt. This backwashing is referred to, for example, in DE 199 03 508 Cl as "batch injection of fresh water". When the gas-lifting process is used, this backwashing means a considerable and therefore disadvantageous time spent of several hours and mainly leads to an interruption of the current gas-lifting operation which, in the interest of stable operating parameters, should proceed as continuously as possible. Particularly in the case of temporary parallel brine discharges from multiple gas storage caverns by applying the gas lifting process, backwashing results in a considerable technical and time-consuming effort.
    The interruptions for backwashing the brine discharge conduit cause a greater total time required for emptying brine and are therefore very economically disadvantageous because the relevant cavern can only be used later for the gas storage company.
    The simultaneous injection of a gas-water mixture into an underground formation is described in DE 199 03 508 Cl and in US 542 14 08 A.
    When injecting a gas-water mixture into an underground formation, the gas pressure remains approximately constant. When a gas-brine mixture is injected into an underground pore storage facility, however, no pressure relief occurs and therefore no cooling as a result of the JOULE-THOMSON effect compared to a cavern.
    On the other hand, in the conventional gas-lift process in a cavern, the strong pressure reduction of the rising gas from about 150-200 bar to about atmospheric pressure, i.e., 1 bar, results in a marked cooling of the water due to the JOULE-THOMSON effect. rising brine. This cooling of the brine can again cause an additional or renewed crystallization of salt in the transport ring space. In addition to rock salt (NaCl), especially accompanying salts such as gypsum (CaS04) or kieserite (MgS04) can crystallize out.
    Furthermore, the regular backwashing process requires additional hardening software for the process control system of the cavern device.
    The invention has for its object to significantly increase the effectiveness and continuity of the removal of brine from gas storage caverns when applying the gas lifting process. Furthermore, a crystallization of salt by cooling the brine due to the JOULE-THOMSON effect can be prevented.
    According to the invention this object is achieved with a method according to claim 1 and a device according to claim 7. The subclaims indicate preferred and advantageous embodiments of the invention. The invention provides that the gas which is pumped into the injection conduit before the gas lift is simultaneously supplied with water. The gas used is preferably nitrogen, compressed air, natural gas or the cavern storage gas. Pre-heating the gas and / or water to be injected is particularly advantageous. The advantageous preheating of the elevator gas and / or the dilution water reliably counteracts the risk of adverse salt crystallization due to the pressure reduction of the injected elevator gas. The elevator gas and / or the dilution water are preferably preheated to the in-situ temperature of the brine in the cavern.
    Surprisingly, this increase in, in particular, pre-heated water has led to a counteracting or at least to a clear reduction in backwashing runs, thereby achieving a considerable time and cost saving. The invention is particularly efficient with larger caverns with storage volumes of 350000 m3 to more than 1 million m3 of storage volume and cavern heights of more than 400 meters. Caverns of this size cannot be completely cleared of brine using the methods known so far. Furthermore, the emptying of the cavern can only be carried out in one step. The second step - the rewind or the repeated rewind steps - is canceled.
    By adding fresh or salt water, the salt concentration of the transported brine is reduced to below the saturation limit, so that no crystallization of salt can occur anymore and the cumbersome regular backwashing of the brine discharge line with water is eliminated.
    Particularly advantageous for the method is the administration of water at a rate of 1 m3 / h - 10 m3 / h, wherein the amount of water supplied can be adjusted depending on the amount of brine transported.
    By applying water to the brine, the brine density on top of the gas injection is reduced, so that the hydraulic effectiveness of the gas lift process is further improved.
    The gas (preferably nitrogen) injected for the gas lift causes a clear cooling of the rising brine due to the strong pressure reduction of the rising gas from approximately 150-200 bar to approximately atmospheric pressure due to the JOULE-THOMSON effect. This cooling again causes an additional or renewed crystallization of salt in the transport ring space. In addition to rock salt (NaCl), especially accompanying salts such as gypsum (CaS04) or kieserite (MgS04) can crystallize out.
    To prevent this adverse salt crystallization, a preheating of the elevator gas and / or the dilution water is carried out. The elevator gas and / or the dilution water should preferably be preheated to the in-situ temperature of the brine in the cavern.
    Embodiment example
    The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 1. It is noted that the figures are only schematic representations of preferred embodiments of the invention which are described by way of non-limitative exemplary embodiments.
    The cavern 1 provided for gas storage is equipped with a 13 3/8 "last cemented tube column 2 above the surface of the earth. The tube shoe of this tube column is located at a depth of 1000 m, the cavern floor is at 1600 m.
    The following installations are located in the borehole for gas technical completion and for the removal of brine: 9 5/8 "gas transport pipe column 3
    Permanent packer 4 for sealing between last cemented pipe column 2 and gas transport pipe column 3 5 ^ brine removal line 5 1% coiled tubing as injection pipe for gas and water 6
    The cavern 1 is partly filled with natural gas 7 and with brine 8.
    The cavern head 9 shows the following connections: a connection for storing natural gas 10 a connection for removing the brine 11 a connection for the injection of nitrogen into the injection pipe for the gas-lifting process 12 and a nitrogen preheater 15 a connection for the injection of water in the slurry injection line 13 and a water preheater 14
    The nitrogen-brine mixture exiting over the connection 11 from the cavern is fed into a degassing tank 16. The nitrogen supplied for the gas lifting process is discharged to the atmosphere via a chimney 17.
    The 1% coiled tubing as injection line 6 is built into the brine removal line 5 up to approximately the caverne center.
    Injection of nitrogen at a rate of approx. 150 m3 (Vn) / h into the 1% coiled tubing line achieves a brine removal rate of approx. 80 m3 / h after the gas lifting process. The pressure of the natural gas 7 stored in the cavern is 175 bar corresponding to a permissible pressure gradient of 0.175 bar / m at the 13 3/8 "cemented tube column.
    Additionally with the injection of nitrogen, fresh water is simultaneously pumped into the 1% coiled tubing pipe 6 at a rate of 5 m3 / h.
    By mixing brine with a density of 1.2 g / cm3 at a speed of 80 m3 / h and fresh water with a density of 1.0 g / cm3 at a speed of 5 m3 / h, a joint liquid flow of 85 m3 is obtained / h with a density of 1.19 g / cm 3. This brine density is below the saturation of NaCl brine at 20 ° C.
    However, with a clear cooling of this mixed brine to below 10 ° C due to a strong pressure reduction of the rising lift gas from approx. 200 bar to atmospheric pressure as a result of the JOULE-THOMSON effect, it is also possible with a brine density of 1.19 g / cm3 come to crystallization.
    The slurry η 8 located in the cavern 1 has a temperature of approximately 30 ° C. Therefore, the elevator gas and / or the dilution water is preheated by means of a water preheater 14 and / or a gas preheater 15, which is preferably designed as a heat exchanger, to approximately 35 ° C, such that a cooling and crystallization of the mixing brine rising in the cavern drilling reliably prevented.
    The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiment shown here. Many variants are possible and are understood to fall within the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
    Reference numbers 1 Cavern 2 cemented tube column 3 gas transport tube column 4 permanent packer 5 slurry removal line 6 injection pipe for gas and water 7 natural gas 8 brine 9 cavern head 10 connection for storing the natural gas 11 connection for removing the brine 12 connection for injecting nitrogen into the injection pipe (6) for the gas lift process 13 connection for injection of water into the injection pipe (6) for the slurry dilution 14 water preheater 15 nitrogen preheater 16 degassing tank 17 chimney
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A method for draining brine from a cavern, wherein a brine discharge line (5) and an injection line (6) are installed in the brine discharge line (5), a gas being introduced into the injection line (6) for lifting the brine characterized in that water is added to the introduced gas simultaneously to dilute the saturated brine to be transported.
    [2]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that freshwater is added to the gas to dilute the saturated brine to be transported, preferably NaCl brine.
    [3]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that seawater is added to the gas to dilute the saturated NaCl brine to be transported.
    [4]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that water is added to the gas at a speed of 0.5 m 3 / h to 50 m 3 / h, preferably from 1 m 3 / h to 10 m 3 / h.
    [5]
    Method according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the water is supplied to the gas continuously or discontinuously.
    [6]
    Method according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the gas and / or the water is preheated at least at the temperature of the brine in the cavern.
    [7]
    Device for carrying out the method for discharging brine from a cavern (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6 with a tube column (2), a transport column (3) and a slurry removal line (5) as well as an injection line (6), characterized in that the injection line (6) comprises at least two connections (12, 13), at least one of the connections being connected to a water source and at least one other being connected to a gas source.
    [8]
    Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the slurry removal line (5) is connected to a degassing device, preferably to a degassing tank (16).
    [9]
    Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the injection line (6) is placed in the brine removal line (5) and that a pre-heater is placed at least in front of one of the connections (12, 13).
    [10]
    Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the injection line (6) is only positioned to approximately the center of the cavern (1).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US5421408A|1994-04-14|1995-06-06|Atlantic Richfield Company|Simultaneous water and gas injection into earth formations|
    DE19903508C1|1999-01-29|2000-08-10|Ingbuero Fuer Innovative Verfa|Process to soften and sterilize water with steam, minimizes accumulation of saline blockages in geological storage facility for natural gas|CN106930728B|2015-12-30|2019-05-07|中国石油天然气股份有限公司|A kind of gas injection row's halogen method and device of salt hole air reserved storeroom|
    CN108222919B|2016-12-12|2021-08-03|中国石油天然气股份有限公司|Gas-water interface monitoring method applied to gas injection and brine discharge stage of salt cavern gas storage|
    法律状态:
    2015-06-17| V1| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20150601 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102009057534A|DE102009057534A1|2009-12-08|2009-12-08|Method for discharging sodium chloride brine of natural gas storage cavern, involves introducing gas into injection line for lifting brine, and continuously or discontinuously adding water for dilution of saturated brine to introduced gas|
    DE102009057534|2009-12-08|
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